الرئيسية
Epidemiology of infections diseases
Module (1):General Epidemiology
Introduction
Module (1):General Epidemiology
Introduction
1- Differentiate between:
1 Communicable & non communicable disease.
2 Clinician & epidemiologist.
3 Emerging & reemerging diseases.
2- False and true statements, correct wrong ones:
3 Communicable diseases represent health problem in developing countries only.
4 Eradication of many infectious diseases failed due to development of resistant strains.
5 Epidemiology studies disease distribution and determinants in a defined population.
6 Emergence of AIDs leads to reemergence of T.B.
3- Short questions:
Discuss:
7 Definition(s) and uses of epidemiology.
8 Objectives of epidemiologic studies.
9 Communicable diseases represent major public health problem.
10 Epidemiology is a multidisciplinary subject.
Lesson (1) Epidemiologic process
1- Differentiate between:
11 Epidemics & out breaks.
12 Endemic & pandemic.
13 Environmental & host factors in disease causation.
2- False & true statements, correct false ones:
14 Infection leads always to disease.
15 Disease causation depends on agent and host factors.
16 The relation between disease and agent factors depend on dose of infection.
17 Epidemiological components of communicable diseases represent the infectious cycle.
18 Diseases that have Epidemic pattern of spread need international preventive measures.
3- Short questions:
19 List components of infectious cycle.
20 Discus epidemiologic triad.
21 Give an account on pattern of occurrence of communicable disease (give examples).
22 Discus causative agents as a component of communicable diseases.
Lesson (2) Sources of infection:
1- Differentiate between:
23 Cases & carriers.
24 Outbreak & epidemic.
25 Incubatory &convalescent carriers.
26 Contact & healthy carriers.
27 Transient& temporary carriers.
2- Which is more dangerous as source of infection (arrange):
28 Typical cases.
29 Atypical cases.
30 Sub clinical cases.
31 Convalescent Carriers.
3- Match:
Microorganism
Focus of infection
1- Streptococci.
2- Staph aurus.
3- Pneumococci.
4- Diphtheria.
5- Menigeococci.
6- Salmonellae.
7- Amoebiasis.
8- Hepatitis.
9- Shigella.
10- Cholera.
1- Nose.
2- Nasopharynx.
3- Gall bladder.
4- Small intestine.
5- Large intestire (coton).
6- Stomach.
7- Urinary tract.
8- Skin lesions.
9- Trachea.
10- Lungs.
4- False & true statements, correct false:
32 All diseases of animals could be transmitted to man.
33 All zoonotic diseases could be transmitted from animal to man then from man to man.
34 Zoonotic diseases are occupational diseases mainly.
35 In T.B carriers play an important role of disease spread.
36 Sub clinical infection is the main source of naturally acquired immunity in our community.
37 Non living reservoirs include soil, water system and some foods.
38 Skin & mucous membranes could represent an exit of causative agents.
39 Breast milk never transmit pathological agents.
40 Period of communicability in the majority of diseases extends from the incubation period to the convalescent stages.
41 Examples of in utero transmission of infection are hepatitis B and HIV.
5- Make the odds out( as regards zoonosis):
42 Tuberculosis, brucellosis, Measles, Avian flue.
43 T.B, Typhiod fever, rabies, plague.
44 Plague, cholera, influenza, leptospirosis.
45 Q. fever, Tetanus, Diphtheria, Brucellosis.
46 Encephalitis, menigeococcal meningitis, psittacosis, salmonelosis.
47 T-Solium, H. heterophys, Bilharisias, hydatid disease.
6- Complete the missed data:
This diagram represents
( …………………………………………………)
This diagram could apply for the following diseases (put X or √)
48 Measles.
49 Typhoid fever.
50 Hepatitis B.
51 Common cold.
52 Cholera.
In the selected answers
53 Mention the focus of infection & exit of the organism.
7- short question:
Discus (give an account on):
54 Cases as sources of infection.
55 Epidemiologic importance of carriers.
56 Classification and types of carriers.
57 Zoonosis.
8- Long questions:
Give an account (Discus):
58 Carriers as source of infection.
Lesson (3) Modes of transmission
COMPARE BETWEEN:
1. Direct /indirect droplet infection.
2. Droplet nuclei /dust in droplet infections.
3. Vehicle /vector transmission of food borne infections.
4. Droplet /inhalation infection.
5. Mechanical /biological transmission of arthropod borne infection.
6. In utero /vertical infection.
B) Mach (arthropod borne infection)
A
1- Mosquitoes:
Anopheles
culex
aedes
2- Lice.
3- Flea.
4- Mites.
5- Hard ticks.
B
1- Q.fever, spotted fever.
2- Scabies, scrubtyphus.
3- Epidemic typhus.
4- Murine – typhus.
5- Plague.
6- Trench fever.
7- Vagabond disease.
8- Malaria.
9- Yellow fever.
10- Filaria.
Short questions:
1 Give an account on modes of transmission of:
2 Droplet infections.
3 Food borne infections.
4 Contac infections.
5 Arthropod borne infections.
6 Epidemiological importance of I.P.
C) Complete:
1. Milk can transmit droplet (respiratory infection because ………………….
2. Injection infection could be considered as subtype of ……………… infection.
3. Direct faecooral transmission could be named ……………
4. Vehicles of food borne infection may be …..., ……, ……, …….
5. Edible crops especially ……, …… can lead to food borne disease.
6. Auto infection means ……
7. intact infection is defined as ……. ………. ……..
8. Examples of contact parasites are ……, …….
9. Examples of contact infections invading intact skin are ……, ……, …….
10.Examples of vertical infections are …..., ……, ……
Important questions.
General epidemiologyL
1-Epidemiologic variables that affect susceptibility and resistance to disease.
2-general defense mechanisms
3-Passive acquired immunity
4-Seroprophylaxis
5-Artificial active acquired immunity
6-Chemoprophylaxis
7-Control of , carriers
8-Control of contacts
9-Survillance system ,objectives , types and priority of diseases
10-Hospital acquired infection
11-Investigation of an epidemic
